Vaccinia viral antigens (VACV antigens)

Vaccinia viral antigens refer to the collection of proteins expressed by the Vaccinia virus (VACV), a large, enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus in the Orthopoxvirus genus (PubMed: 24109123). These antigens, such as A27, L1, A33, and B5, are essential for the virus's life cycle, facilitating attachment, membrane fusion, and the spread of mature virions (PubMed: 15731258). In clinical practice, these antigens are the primary targets for vaccines like ACAM2000 and JYNNEOS, which stimulate the production of neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses to prevent smallpox and monkeypox (CDC). Additionally, specific viral proteins are targeted by small-molecule antivirals: tecovirimat inhibits the p37 envelope protein (F13L), while cidofovir and brincidofovir target the viral DNA polymerase (E9L) (FDA). The specific designation 'Vaccinia viral antigens contained in the lysate' is frequently found in pharmacological databases as the target for Neurotropin, an analgesic drug derived from the skin of rabbits inoculated with VACV (KEGG: D05143). However, this classification is technically a description of the drug's source rather than its molecular target, as Neurotropin's effects are primarily mediated through the modulation of the descending pain inhibitory system in the central nervous system (PubMed: 26483173).

Other names

Vaccinia virus proteinsVaccinia virus lysateOrthopoxvirus antigensVaccinia viral antigens contained in the lysate

Vaccines and immunoglobulins target these antigens to induce or provide neutralizing immunity, while antivirals inhibit specific viral proteins involved in DNA replication or virion egress. Oncolytic viruses utilize these antigens for tumor-specific replication and immune stimulation.