Various enzymes requiring vitamin B-derived cofactors

A wide range of enzymes require vitamin B-derived cofactors (coenzymes) for essential biological reactions. These include enzymes involved in transferring groups (transferases), redox reactions (oxidoreductases), and many metabolic and biosynthetic processes. Each B vitamin serves as a precursor for a specific coenzyme form—for example, thiamine pyrophosphate (vitamin B1), flavin adenine dinucleotide (B2), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (B3), and pyridoxal phosphate (B6). Deficiency in B vitamins impairs activity of these enzymes, leading to diverse clinical syndromes such as anemia, neurological and cardiovascular disorders, and metabolic dysregulation.

Other names

Enzymes requiring B vitamin cofactorsVitamin B-dependent enzymesVitamin B-coenzyme enzymes

Cofactor supplementation restores catalytic activity of deficient enzymes; Enzyme inhibition by blocking cofactor incorporation; Competitive inhibition at the cofactor binding site