Vascular endothelium and microvasculature (EC, MVEC)

The vascular endothelium comprises a monolayer of endothelial cells lining the entire circulatory system, forming the inner surface of arteries, veins, and microvessels such as capillaries and venules[4][1]. The microvasculature encompasses the smallest blood vessels where the majority of exchange between blood and tissues occurs. These endothelial cells serve as a semipermeable barrier, regulate blood flow and vascular tone, coordinate angiogenesis, and are central to controlling inflammation, immune cell trafficking, and coagulation[1][4][6][8]. Endothelial heterogeneity—distinct molecular signatures and functional differences by tissue and vascular segment—has strong implications for therapeutic targeting, particularly in diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory conditions[2][8]. Targeted therapies frequently exploit surface molecules unique to pathological or activated endothelial cells, with both safety and efficacy dependent on precise molecular targeting[3][6][8].

Other names

EndotheliumVascular endotheliumMicrovasculatureMicrovascular endotheliumBlood vessel lining

Ligand-directed targeting to endothelial cell surface markers; Inhibition of angiogenesis; Modulation of endothelial barrier function and permeability; Suppression of inflammation via endothelial targets; Reduction of oxidative stress/thrombosis via targeted drug delivery