Virus–host interface via vaccine-elicited antibodies

The virus-host interface via vaccine-elicited antibodies represents the functional site where the humoral immune response intercepts viral particles to prevent infection [PubMed: 32405061]. This interface involves the binding of antibodies to viral glycoproteins, such as the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which blocks their interaction with host cell receptors like ACE2 [Nature: 10.1038/s41586-020-2852-1]. By occupying these critical binding sites, vaccine-elicited antibodies neutralize the virus and prevent the fusion of viral and cellular membranes [Science: 10.1126/science.abe3354]. This interaction is the primary mechanism by which vaccines provide protection against a wide range of viral pathogens, including influenza and respiratory syncytial virus [NIH: Vaccine Types]. Understanding the structural biology of this interface is essential for designing 'universal' vaccines that target conserved, non-mutating regions of the virus [Cell: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.011]. While not a single molecule, this interface is the focal point for evaluating vaccine efficacy and the impact of emerging viral variants.

Other names

Viral-host interactionAntibody-mediated neutralizationVaccine-induced immune interfaceHumoral immune interface

Neutralization of viral entry by sterically blocking receptor binding or inhibiting membrane fusion.