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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1
- Molecular classification
- Ion channel, Voltage-gated calcium channel, CACNAx family
01
Overview
The voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1 is the pore-forming component of the L-type, high-voltage activated (HVA) calcium channels. These channels are essential for coupling membrane depolarization to calcium influx in excitable cells, mediating a variety of physiological processes including muscle contraction, hormone and neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, division, and death. The alpha-1 subunit consists of 24 transmembrane segments organized into four homologous domains and is encoded by several genes depending on the isoform: CACNA1C (Cav1.2), CACNA1D (Cav1.3), CACNA1S (Cav1.1), and CACNA1F (Cav1.4). It forms the central ion-conducting pore of the channel complex and also requires auxiliary subunits: alpha2/delta and beta for full function. Blocked by dihydropyridines, phenylalkylamines, and benzothiazepines, these channels are major drug targets for cardiovascular diseases.
02
Mechanism of action
Calcium channel blockade
03
Biological functions
Calcium ion transmembrane transportExcitation-contraction couplingNeurotransmitter releaseHormone secretionGene regulation
04
Disease associations
Cardiac arrhythmiasHypertensionNeurological disordersCardiovascular disease
05
Interacting drugs
Dihydropyridines (e.g., nifedipine)
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