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Water-Electrolyte Composition of Blood
- Molecular classification
- Fluid Compartment, Electrolyte Balance
01
Overview
The water-electrolyte composition of blood refers to the balance and concentration of water and dissolved electrolytes within the blood compartment. Electrolytes are minerals that carry an electric charge when dissolved in body fluids, including blood. The main electrolytes present in blood are sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), chloride (Cl⁻), bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), and phosphate (PO₄³⁻). Maintaining proper water-electrolyte balance is crucial for various physiological functions, including fluid balance, acid-base balance, nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, heart rhythm, and cellular function. The kidneys and hormonal systems play a central role in regulating this balance by adjusting electrolyte reabsorption and excretion.
02
Mechanism of action
Modulation of electrolyte reabsorption/excretion by kidneys, hormonal regulation of fluid balance.
03
Biological functions
Fluid balanceAcid-base balanceNerve impulse transmissionMuscle contractionHeart rhythmCellular functionNutrient transportWaste removal
04
Disease associations
DehydrationOverhydrationKidney disordersLiver disordersArrhythmiasShock
05
Safety considerations
HyponatremiaHypernatremiaHypokalemiaHyperkalemiaAcidosisAlkalosisDehydrationOverhydration
06
Interacting drugs
Diuretics
4 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Serum sodium (Na⁺)Serum potassium (K⁺)Serum chloride (Cl⁻)Serum bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻)Serum calcium (Ca²⁺)Serum magnesium (Mg²⁺)Serum phosphate (PO₄³⁻)Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)CreatinineOsmolality
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