Wound repair and regeneration process

The **wound repair and regeneration process** describes the body's complex, stepwise response to tissue injury, commonly in the skin, but applicable to other organs. It consists of four overlapping phases: hemostasis (clot formation to stop bleeding), inflammation (mobilization of immune cells and removal of debris/pathogens), proliferation (migration of epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, with new extracellular matrix and angiogenesis), and remodeling (replacement of initial matrix with mature collagen and formation of scar tissue)[1][2][3]. These steps involve a dynamic interplay among immune cells (neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes), growth factors (TGF-α, TGF-β, VEGF, bFGF, PDGF), and cellular mechanisms such as epithelial migration, fibroblast activation, and neovascularization. Failures or dysregulations at any step may result in chronic wounds, excessive scarring, or poor functional recovery. Therapeutic approaches often seek to modulate specific molecular pathways or cellular events within this process. Importantly, "wound repair and regeneration process" is a **biological response**, not a single target, so mapping target-level data is not applicable[1][2][3].

Other names

Wound healing processWound regenerationSkin repair mechanismTissue repair and regeneration