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X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (XIAP)

Target: XIAP
Molecular classification: Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP), E3 Ubiquitin Ligase

Overview

X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (XIAP) is a key regulator of apoptosis, directly inhibiting caspases-3, -7, and -9. It functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, influencing the stability of various proteins. XIAP is implicated in immune regulation, cell migration, and cancer, where its overexpression contributes to chemoresistance. It is a therapeutic target for sensitizing tumors to chemotherapy, but its broad expression raises concerns about potential side effects.

Other names: IAP3BIRC4hILPhuman IAP-like Protein

Mechanism of action

Direct inhibition of caspases-3, -7, and -9; Ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of target proteins

Biological functions

Apoptosis inhibitionCaspase inhibitionRegulation of NFκB signalingInnate immunityRegulation of inflammationCell migrationCell invasionMetastasisCell differentiationMitochondrial function

Disease associations

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein deficiencyHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)CancerImmunodeficiencyChemoresistance

Safety considerations

Potential for off-target effects due to broad tissue expression.Inhibition of XIAP in immune cells could lead to immunosuppression.

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