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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Xanthine Oxidoreductase (XOR)
- Target
- XOR
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Oxidoreductase, Molybdoflavoenzyme
01
Overview
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a complex molybdoflavoenzyme that plays a central role in purine catabolism, catalyzing the final two steps: the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then xanthine to uric acid. XOR exists in two interconvertible forms: xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), which uses NAD⁺ as an electron acceptor, and xanthine oxidase (XO), which uses molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor, generating reactive oxygen species. Elevated XOR activity is associated with increased ROS production during cellular injury, making it a therapeutic target for conditions like gout and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Pharmacological inhibition of XOR with drugs like allopurinol is a standard therapy for hyperuricemia/gout. The enzyme’s ability to generate both ROS and NO links it closely with inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk.
- Other names
- Xanthine dehydrogenaseXanthine oxidase
02
Mechanism of action
Xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition
03
Biological functions
Purine catabolismUric acid productionReactive oxygen species generationNitric oxide productionRedox regulation
04
Disease associations
GoutHyperuricemiaIschemia-reperfusion injuryInflammationCardiovascular diseaseHepatitisShockInfectionTissue damage
05
Safety considerations
Reactive oxygen species productionDrug interactionsPotential for increased ROS production during cellular injury
06
Interacting drugs
Allopurinol
1 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Uric acid
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