Xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1 (XPR1)

Xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1 (XPR1) is a membrane transporter and the only known inorganic phosphate exporter in mammals, belonging to the solute carrier family 53 (SLC53A1)[1][3]. It has a dimeric structure with 10 transmembrane domains and a key cytoplasmic SPX domain involved in phosphate sensing and regulation[2][3]. XPR1 plays a central role in maintaining intracellular and systemic phosphate balance by exporting phosphate out of cells. It also serves as the cellular receptor for xenotropic and polytropic murine leukemia viruses, mediating their entry[1]. Pathogenic mutations in XPR1 can impair phosphate export, leading to diseases such as primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) characterized by ectopic brain calcifications and neurological symptoms[1][2]. There are currently no approved drugs targeting XPR1’s phosphate transport or viral receptor functions[2][3].

Other names

Solute carrier family 53 member 1SLC53A1SYG1X3X-receptorPhosphate exporter SLC53A1Protein SYG1 homologXenotropic and polytropic murine leukemia virus receptor X3IBGC6

Not applicable (no marketed drugs; potential future mechanisms may involve modulation or inhibition of phosphate export or viral entry[2][3].)