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Xylitol

Molecular classification: Sugar alcohol, Polyol, Osmotic agent

Overview

Xylitol is a five-carbon sugar alcohol (polyol) commonly used as a low-calorie sweetener and osmotic agent. It exerts its effects primarily through the creation of an osmotic gradient that draws water across biological membranes. Its use spans medical applications (moisture retention), food technology (dehydration), dental health (anti-caries), and consumer products.

Other names: Sugar alcoholPolyolC5H12O5

Mechanism of action

Creates an osmotic gradient to draw water across biological membranes; inhibits bacterial metabolism in dental applications.

Biological functions

Osmotic regulationMoisture retentionAnticariogenicSweetener

Disease associations

Chronic sinusitis (potential)Dental caries (prevention)

Safety considerations

Gastrointestinal distress with excessive consumptionToxic to dogs

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