Zika virus polyprotein (ZIKV polyprotein)

The Zika virus polyprotein is the precursor molecule of the Zika virus (ZIKV), which is processed into three structural proteins (Capsid, Pre-membrane/Membrane, and Envelope) and seven non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5). These proteins serve as the primary antigens recognized by the host immune system, with the Envelope (E) protein being the major target for neutralizing antibodies that prevent viral attachment and entry (Sirohi et al., 2016, Science). Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is also a significant antigen that is secreted into the bloodstream, playing roles in immune evasion and serving as a diagnostic marker (Pierson & Diamond, 2018, Nature Reviews Immunology). Therapeutic development focuses on these antigens to create vaccines (e.g., DNA, mRNA, and inactivated platforms) and monoclonal antibodies for passive immunization (Abbink et al., 2018, NPJ Vaccines). A critical challenge in targeting ZIKV antigens is the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), where sub-neutralizing or cross-reactive antibodies from related flaviviruses like Dengue can facilitate viral entry into Fc-receptor-bearing cells, potentially exacerbating the disease (Bardina et al., 2017, Science).

Other names

Zika virus antigens – immune system mediated recognitionZika virus antigensZIKV envelope proteinZIKV NS1 proteinZIKV structural proteinsZIKV non-structural proteins

Vaccines induce humoral and cellular immunity against viral antigens to prevent infection; monoclonal antibodies provide passive immunity by neutralizing the virus and preventing host cell entry (Sirohi et al., 2016, Science; Abbink et al., 2018, NPJ Vaccines).