AP1-ELP-KLAK

AP1-ELP-KLAK is a genetically engineered, thermally responsive fusion protein designed for targeted cancer therapy. It comprises three functional domains: multiple copies of the AP1 peptide, which specifically targets the Interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) overexpressed on various cancer cells; an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) sequence that enables the molecule to self-assemble into stable nanoparticles at physiological temperatures; and a pro-apoptotic peptide, (KLAKLAK)2 (KLAK). The mechanism of action involves IL-4R-mediated endocytosis followed by the disruption of mitochondrial membranes by the KLAK peptide, leading to programmed cell death. Developed by researchers at Kyungpook National University, the drug has shown efficacy in preclinical models of MDA-MB231 breast cancer and B16F10 melanoma, demonstrating enhanced tumor accumulation and reduced systemic toxicity compared to non-targeted versions.