baricitinib + abatacept

This combination therapy involves the co-administration of **baricitinib**, a small molecule Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, and **abatacept**, a recombinant fusion protein that modulates T-cell costimulation. The regimen is currently being evaluated in a Phase 3 clinical trial (NCT05451615) sponsored by **Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital** for the treatment of difficult-to-treat or refractory rheumatoid arthritis (D2TRA). Baricitinib works by selectively inhibiting JAK1 and JAK2, thereby blocking the JAK-STAT signaling pathway which is critical for the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Abatacept consists of the extracellular domain of human CTLA-4 linked to a modified Fc portion of human IgG1; it binds to CD80 and CD86 on antigen-presenting cells, preventing their interaction with CD28 on T cells and effectively inhibiting T-cell activation. This dual-mechanism approach aims to provide therapeutic benefit to patients who have failed multiple conventional and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).

Brand names

Olumiant + Orencia

Other names

Abatacept + Janus Kinase InhibitorAbatacept + JAK inhibitorAbatacept + baricitinibJAK inhibitor + abatacept