D-Tryptophan

D-Tryptophan is a D-amino acid with diverse biological activities. It has been shown to promote skin wound healing, particularly in diabetic models, by modulating extracellular matrix remodeling through the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1, MMP3, MMP-9), influencing signaling pathways by upregulating Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6), suppressing caspase-3, and enhancing angiogenesis via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activation. Beyond wound healing, D-Tryptophan also exhibits antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi like Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and can inhibit bacterial biofilm formation, specifically reducing avian pathogenic Escherichia coli biofilm. It is also recognized as a functional metabolite.

Other names

D-Trp