ethambutol + rifampicin

Ethambutol + rifampicin is a fixed-dose combination of two first-line antitubercular agents, used primarily in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Ethambutol is a bacteriostatic agent that inhibits the synthesis of the mycobacterial cell wall by interfering with arabinosyl transferases involved in cell wall biosynthesis. Rifampicin (also known as rifampin) is a bactericidal antibiotic that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in susceptible organisms, thereby suppressing RNA synthesis and leading to bacterial cell death. This combination is typically administered alongside other anti-TB drugs such as isoniazid and pyrazinamide for optimal efficacy and to prevent resistance development. The primary indication for this drug combination is pulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.