lifileucel + ipilimumab + nivolumab

A combination therapy consisting of lifileucel, an autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) cell therapy, and the immune checkpoint inhibitors ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1). Developed by Iovance Biotherapeutics, this regimen is specifically being evaluated for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have progressed after prior anti-PD-1/L1 therapy. Lifileucel involves harvesting TILs from the patient's tumor, expanding them ex vivo, and re-infusing them to recognize a broad range of patient-specific tumor antigens. The addition of ipilimumab and nivolumab aims to enhance the persistence and anti-tumor activity of the TILs by blocking inhibitory signals (CTLA-4 and PD-1) that tumors use to evade the immune system.