memantine

Memantine is a small molecule pharmaceutical drug classified as an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. It is primarily used to treat moderate to severe dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease, and may also be prescribed for other types of dementia such as dementia with Lewy bodies, mixed dementia, and corticobasal degeneration. Memantine works by blocking the NMDA receptors in the brain, which are activated by glutamate—a neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory. Overactivation of these receptors by glutamate can lead to excitotoxicity and neuronal damage; memantine acts as a low-to-moderate affinity uncompetitive (open-channel) antagonist at these sites, thereby reducing abnormal brain activity without completely inhibiting normal neurotransmission[1][3][5][7][9]. It also exhibits antagonistic effects at 5HT3 (serotonin) receptors and blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at higher concentrations[7][9]. Memantine does not cure Alzheimer's disease or halt its progression but may help improve or stabilize symptoms such as memory loss, confusion, and ability to perform daily activities.

Brand names

NamendaNamenda XRAxuraEbixaMarixinoNemdatine

Other names

memantine hydrochloride