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NSL-YHJ-2-27 is a polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitor (PCAI) developed as a **small molecule** targeting several cancer survival and migration pathways. It is specifically designed to disrupt polyisoprenylated-dependent modifications of G-proteins, including KRAS, RAC1, CDC42, and RHOA, which play key roles in cancer cell survival, proliferation, and metastatic potential. NSL-YHJ-2-27 exhibits potent activity against aromatase inhibitor-resistant breast cancer cells (LTLT-Ca), as well as mutant KRAS lung and pancreatic cancer models. Its mechanisms include increasing phosphorylation of key kinases in the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways, inducing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to apoptosis, depleting cellular levels of small GTPases (RAC1, CDC42, KRAS, RHOA), and disrupting cytoskeletal structures vital for cancer cell migration and invasion. NSL-YHJ-2-27 also upregulates apoptotic markers (caspase 7, BAX), inhibits colony formation, and degenerates tumor spheroids in vitro. Unlike conventional endocrine therapies, PCAIs like NSL-YHJ-2-27 act on multiple cellular processes simultaneously, presenting a novel strategy for future drug development against therapy-resistant cancers[1][3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11].
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