placebo + rituximab

This is a combination of placebo and rituximab. Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that targets the CD20 antigen on B lymphocytes, leading to their depletion. It is used in the treatment of various B-cell malignancies (such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and autoimmune diseases (including rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, and pemphigus vulgaris). Placebo refers to an inert substance with no therapeutic effect, commonly used as a control in clinical trials. The combination "placebo + rituximab" typically refers to an arm in clinical studies where patients receive both agents—one active (rituximab) and one inactive (placebo)—to assess efficacy or safety compared to other regimens[1][2][3].