Cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2)

Cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2), also known as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), is a secreted, cysteine-rich matricellular protein comprised of four conserved modular domains (IGFBP, VWC, TSP1, CT) and is primarily involved in extracellular matrix signaling and remodeling[1][2][4]. Unlike classical growth factors, CCN2 acts as a regulatory hub by binding a variety of cell surface receptors (including integrins and LRPs) and growth factors (such as TGF-β and VEGF), thereby modulating key biological processes like cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and tissue repair[1][2][4]. CCN2 is implicated in various pathological conditions, including cancer, fibrosis, and inflammatory diseases, and is being investigated as a therapeutic target and clinical biomarker, though its complex and context-dependent roles warrant careful consideration in drug development and disease monitoring[1][2][4].

Other names

Connective tissue growth factorCTGFCCN family member 2Hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific protein 24 (Hsp24)

Modulation of interaction with cell surface receptors and growth factors Inhibition of fibrogenic signaling Regulation of immune cell differentiation (e.g., Th17 differentiation)[3] Interference with extracellular matrix remodeling