Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a lipid compound derived from arachidonic acid and a major mediator of inflammation, fever, and pain. It plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including labor induction, vascular tone regulation, and immune modulation. PGE2 acts through four G-protein coupled receptors (EP1-EP4), each mediating distinct cellular responses. It is a therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases, and dinoprostone (a synthetic PGE2) is used clinically for labor induction and other indications. Targeting PGE2 synthesis or its receptors offers therapeutic potential but requires careful consideration of potential side effects.

Other names

Dinoprostone

PGE2 exerts its effects by binding to and activating four G-protein coupled receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4), leading to various downstream signaling pathways depending on the receptor subtype. Activation of EP1/EP3 increases intracellular Ca²⁺, while EP2/EP4 increases cAMP levels.