anti-tnf + anti-integrin

This refers to the combination therapy of an anti-TNF (tumor necrosis factor) agent and an anti-integrin agent, both of which are biologic drugs used primarily in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Anti-TNF agents (such as infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, golimumab) are monoclonal antibodies that bind to TNF-alpha, a pro-inflammatory cytokine central to immune-mediated inflammation. By neutralizing TNF-alpha, these drugs reduce inflammation and immune activity[2][3][9]. Anti-integrin agents (such as vedolizumab or natalizumab) block integrins—cell adhesion molecules on leukocytes—thereby preventing white blood cells from migrating into inflamed gut tissue and reducing local inflammation[4][5][7][9]. The combination is considered for patients with refractory disease or those who have lost response to monotherapy.