cyclophosphamide + granulocyte-colony stimulating factor

Cyclophosphamide + granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a combination regimen used primarily for the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) prior to autologous stem cell transplantation, especially in patients with multiple myeloma and other hematologic malignancies. Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent that induces cytoreduction and drives hematopoietic progenitor cells into proliferation. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), such as filgrastim or lenograstim, is a cytokine that stimulates the production and release of neutrophils from the bone marrow. When administered together, cyclophosphamide followed by G-CSF leads to expansion and mobilization of HSCs from the bone marrow into peripheral blood for collection. This combination also has anti-myeloma effects beyond simple mobilization. The regimen is well-tolerated with manageable toxicity profiles and can be delivered on an outpatient basis.